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Filed Oct. 14, 1958, Ser. No. 767,157 44 Claims. (Cl. 33-23) Thisinvention relates to a graphic machine or mechanism for drawing orlaying out sketches on paper or other surfaces accurately and at a rapidrate or for guidmg the movements of tools on such surfaces, and is acontinuation-in-part of my copending applications: Serial No. 221,005,filed April 14, l951, entitled Graphic Machine, which has been abandoned(Application Serial No. 221,005 is a divisional application of PatentNo. 2,701,417); Serial No. 364,674, filed June 29, 1953, entitledGraphic Machine, now Patent No. 2,882,604, and Serial No. 485,915, filedFebruary 3, 1955, entitled Graphic Machine, which has been abandoned.More particularly, it relates to a flexible graphic machine with asimple main control, which allows an engineering draftsman, and thelike, to speedily and accurately draw technical sketches or layouts withsubstantially natural freehand drawing movements. The control movementsin general are reflex actions of the draftsman, as typing actions arereflex actions of a typist, otherwise the machine is ,largely automaticin operation, since it embodies a marker or tool which may be usedcontinuously together with an automatic mechanismfor making it possibleto accurately and rapidly draw and measure straight lines of any desiredwidth at right angles to each other without the use of a T-square or thelike.

A graphic machine involving the principles of the present invention mayalso be used for structural fabricating layout work, wherein layoutmarkings are made on sheet material and the like, such as sheet metal,plastic, wood, glass, or wherein marking is eliminated by'having thegraphic machine guide the working tool accurately and rapidly as inpantographs with cutting torches.

Engineering drafting techniques and techniques in similar graphic fieldshave been essentially manual arts that require considerable skill incombination with a technical knowledge. The drafting instruments ingeneral use today do not have the means to allow adequate speed in thedevelopment of complicated new project ideas. Such instruments limit thespeed and accuracy of the drawing.

efforts of the engineering draftsmen, template makers, and the like.Generally, the design and detail drawings cannot be drawn as fast asproduction machinery can be set up to build a complicated project, thusin times of emergency, such as war-like times, production machinery liesidle because of bottlenecks in engineering-drawing work. Usually thebottleneck cannot be eliminated with an oversize force of men, sincesuch a force is unwieldly and inefficient. A greatly overstalfed forceis likely to materially slow up the project since so much more timewould be spent on coordinating the work and collaborating the work. Suchan overstaifed force greatly increases the cost of a project.

Most of the. so-called'engineering work that is done in drawing rooms isdesign drafting and detail drafting. Drafting is in general the onlypractical medium by which an engineer can convey his conception of aproject. In many fields of engineering-drawing work, the highly intelligent and experienced engineers and draftsmen can swiftly visualizethe answers to technical problems confronting them,.but conventionaldrafting equipment limits the amount of sketching that they can doduring a given period. Such key technical men can often think up answersat a rate that is ten times as fast as the rate they can record theideas with sketches, thus little of their brainpower is used.

These key men could produce many times as much 3,020,040 Patented Feb.13, 1962 work with the graphic machine embodying the present invention.Trainees, frail operators, and physically handicapped operators coulduse the graphic machines to draw faster and more accurately with littleeifort, than could non-handicapped workers with common draftingequipment.

Since our military defense and our economical security are based on theuse of the most modern machines, rather ice than mass manpower, there isan urgent need for a* graphic machine which will enable quick designingof new machines and other equipment to keep us ahead of the technicaladvancements of other countries, also to increase industrial productivecapacity so that design costs can be reduced considerably and monetaryinflation avoided. I

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel graphic machinefor engineering drawing work and the like, involving automatic featuresthat allow the operator to rapidly and accurately scale and drawsketches with suitable selective types of lines, particularly straightlines at right angles to each other, on drawing paper and other surfaceson which layouts are to be made, the automatic features being responsiveto substantially free-hand, normal drawing movements, that may includemanual propul sion of a marker along its path. Furthermore, theautovmatic features include control means that are pivoted for Anotherobject of the present invention is to provide a novel graphic machineinvolving automatic features, in

eluding a marker that may be used continuously and which is pivotablefor obtaining different line widths, the

marking means and other features greatly speedingup'the process ofmaking sketching lines, particularly straight lines, on paper and othersurfaces on which a drawing is to be made, and thus speeding upproduction of manufactured articles, thereby overcomingthe disadvantagesof slowness of common drafting techniques.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a graphic machinehaving duplicate, quadruplicate or other,

' multiples of markers, which may be used in cases where multiple layoutportions are to be drawn simultaneously? with a single control by theoperator, which is useful in making duplicate layouts or partiallyduplicate layouts, also symmetrical layouts or partially symmetricallayouts. Furthermore, this feature allows the operator to follow a righthand detail reference sketch using control movements as for drawing aright hand object while the machine setting causes the marking means tolay outv a left hand object. This feature is not only useful in makingsketches of I-beams, columns, and the like, but in drawing layout lineson the same or opposite surfaces of sheet metal, or the same or oppositeflanges of l-beams or other structural elements and the like.

A still further object of my invention is to embody a' novel protractorin the graphic machine so as: to more

